Turkmenistan has taken a decisive step in its digital transformation by legalising cryptocurrency mining as of 1 January 2026. Despite its abundant energy resources, the country has historically approached such technologies cautiously. It is now implementing a rigorous regulatory framework designed to manage this rapidly expanding sector under strict state supervision.
A 2026–2030 Roadmap to Structure Virtual Assets and Mining
At a digital government meeting on 21 November, Deputy Prime Minister H. Geldimyradov presented a 2026–2030 roadmap to structure the virtual asset ecosystem and introduce mining operations in Turkmenistan.
The roadmap outlines plans to establish the legal, technological, and organisational foundations of the digital asset market. It incorporates international best practices, energy and communication infrastructure development, investment promotion, and pilot project launches.
Particular emphasis is placed on cybersecurity, energy efficiency, and training qualified specialists. Developed under the guidance of President Serdar Berdimuhamedov and recommendations from Hero-Arkadag, the roadmap also proposes a dedicated state commission to oversee implementation.
Tight Regulation for Mining, Crypto Exchanges, and Advertising
On 28 November, President Serdar Berdimuhamedov signed legislation classifying virtual assets as property rather than official currency. Regardless of whether assets are backed by cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, they are strictly for investment purposes and cannot be used to pay for goods or services.
Cryptocurrency mining is allowed for sole traders and registered legal entities, provided they obtain a valid authorisation certificate from the Central Bank. Miners must use compliant equipment, maintain a secure cryptocurrency wallet, and adhere to technical and security standards. Clandestine mining and the use of third-party computing resources are strictly prohibited.
Virtual asset service providers, including exchange platforms, must operate under a Central Bank licence and implement robust KYC procedures in line with anti-money laundering regulations. Crypto advertising is also strictly regulated, requiring clear risk disclosures, prohibiting promises of easy profits, and stating that virtual assets are not state-backed.
Economic and Energy Diversification Under State Oversight
Boasting one of the world’s largest natural gas reserves, Turkmenistan plans to leverage its energy surplus to power high-value sectors, including cryptocurrency mining.
Following the example of Kazakhstan, the country seeks to attract foreign investment to reduce dependence on gas exports. This strategy converts local energy into digital assets via mining centres, creating a high-value growth lever for the state.
However, this economic opening is accompanied by strict safeguards. The regulatory framework reflects a dual strategy: encouraging technological innovation while maintaining centralized control.
The success of Turkmenistan’s initiative will depend on balancing financial attractiveness with administrative rigidity. By enforcing stringent rules, the country aims to embrace innovation while ensuring all activities remain under state supervision.
